Lexicon

Exhaust gas routing

Ein geschlossenes Standardsystem bei Infrared heaters bzw. Dunkelstrahlern, über das die Abgase abgeführt werden. In der Regel werden die Abgase mehrerer Strahler zusammengefasst und aus dem Gebäude geführt.

Exhaust gas control flap

A control damper is a mechanical device for regulating a volume flow, usually exhaust gas flow.

Exhaust gas loss

Flue gas loss is thermal energy that is lost unused to the environment via the flue gas after leaving the heating system.

Exhaust gas heat exchanger

A flue gas heat exchanger is a heat exchanger system that absorbs the thermal energy contained in hot flue gas and transfers it to a storage medium (usually water). A buffer tank, dimensioned according to the system output, receives this hot water. As a standard application, the energy is then fed into the heating circuit return of a pump hot water heating system via a controller as required.

Agrarnox®

Agrarnox® is a dark radiator from KÜBLER that is characterized by particularly low NO_x-emissions and whose exhaust gases are used specifically for CO₂-fertilization of plants in greenhouses. The slim design guarantees minimal shading effects. Thanks to an innovative prism-shaped stainless steel burner housing, this agricultural spotlight is very resistant to moisture and dirt. This energy-saving system is therefore also ideal for use in stables.

Agricultural radiators

See also: Agrarnox®

Amortization period

The term amortization period refers to the period in which initial expenditure (investment) is covered by the resulting savings.

Burner

A key component of infrared heaters. Burners have the task of converting chemical energy into thermal energy. They burn a mixture of gas and air to generate heat.

Burner

A key component of infrared heaters. Burners have the task of converting chemical energy into thermal energy. They burn a mixture of gas and air to generate heat.

Calorific value (HS)

The calorific value is the amount of heat that is released during the complete combustion of a unit quantity of a fuel when the reactant and product temperatures are the same (reference temperature is usually 25°C), if all the water produced during combustion is assumed to be liquid. It is therefore greater than the calorific value by the proportion of the heat of vaporization of the water.

CAD planning

CAD planning is a software-supported, detailed drawing of the heating system in the hall, from which a parts list can be created and according to which the installation takes place.

COP

The COP (coefficient of performance) is the coefficient of performance for assessing the efficiency of a heat pump in a defined range (usually under laboratory conditions). The COP is the ratio of the total amount of energy (amount of energy on the heating side and drive energy) to the drive energy.

Direct heat

Direct heat means that infrared radiation or electromagnetic radiation strikes solid or liquid bodies and the heat is generated directly in the body. In contrast, indirect heat means that objects are heated by warm air.

Dark radiator

Dark radiators are pipes, usually in a U-shape, through which combustion gases with a temperature of up to 800 °C are fed. A burner mounted at one end of the pipe burns natural gas, while a suction fan at the other end of the pipe generates the negative pressure required to transport the combustion gas. A reflector mounted above the entire pipe system directs the heat radiated upwards from the pipes into the areas to be heated. Due to the U-shaped design of the radiant tube, the average surface temperature of around 250 - 500 °C is approximately the same over the entire length. The name "dark radiator" is in itself outdated from a technical point of view, as it once stood for a non-glowing heating surface as opposed to a bright radiator. Today, glowing tubes can also be found in the high-performance devices among the dark radiators. The main difference between bright and dark radiators is that the dark radiator realizes a closed combustion, which enables a controlled removal of the exhaust gases.

ESG

ESG steht für Environmental, Social, and Governance. Es beschreibt Kriterien, die verwendet werden, um die Nachhaltigkeit und gesellschaftliche Verantwortung eines Unternehmens oder einer Investition zu bewerten. Dabei geht es um Umweltschutz (E), soziale Verantwortung (S) und gute Unternehmensführung (G).

ESG-Rating

Ein ESG-Rating (Environmental, Social, and Governance Rating) ist eine Bewertung von Unternehmen, basierend auf ihrer Leistung in den Bereichen Umwelt (Environmental), Soziales (Social) und Unternehmensführung (Governance). Diese Bewertung hilft Investoren, die Sustainability und gesellschaftliche Verantwortung eines Unternehmens zu beurteilen. Hier sind die drei Hauptkategorien im Detail:

1. Umwelt (Environmental): Bewertet die Umweltpraktiken eines Unternehmens, einschließlich ihrer Bemühungen um den Klimaschutz, Abfallmanagement, Ressourceneffizienz und den Umgang mit Umweltverschmutzung. Aspekte wie der CO2-Fußabdruck, Wasserverbrauch und die Nutzung erneuerbarer Energien werden berücksichtigt.
2. Soziales (Social): Umfasst die sozialen Aspekte eines Unternehmens, wie Arbeitsbedingungen, Menschenrechte, Diversität, Arbeitssicherheit und die Beziehungen zu den Gemeinschaften, in denen das Unternehmen tätig ist. Auch die Einhaltung von Arbeitsgesetzen und der Umgang mit Lieferketten werden bewertet.
3. Unternehmensführung (Governance): Bewertet die Unternehmensführung und -struktur, Transparenz, Ethik, Compliance, Unabhängigkeit des Vorstands und die Vergütungspolitik. Es wird auch überprüft, wie das Unternehmen Risiken managt und wie es auf Skandale oder ethische Probleme reagiert.

ESG-Ratings werden von spezialisierten Rating-Agenturen erstellt, die Daten aus verschiedenen Quellen sammeln, einschließlich Unternehmensberichten, öffentlichen Datenbanken und Umfragen. Diese Ratings helfen Investoren, Unternehmen zu identifizieren, die langfristig nachhaltig und verantwortungsvoll agieren, was potenziell zu einer besseren finanziellen Performance führen kann.

Single exhaust system

In the case of single or double flue gas ducting directly to the outside, one or two appliances are connected together to a flue gas system, whereby the entire flue gas ducting is regarded as a secondary heating surface and is therefore part of the radiant tube.

Electromagnetic radiation

Electromagnetic radiation refers to waves of electric and magnetic fields that propagate evenly from the radiation source in all directions in space. Depending on the energy content, electromagnetic radiation includes gamma radiation, visible light, infrared radiation and radio waves, for example.

Energy certificate

The energy performance certificate is a document that assesses how a building, including its air conditioning, hot water supply and lighting, should be rated in terms of energy efficiency. In Germany, the issuing, use, principles and basics of energy performance certificates are regulated in DIN V 18599 "Energetic evaluation of buildings". Those authorized to issue certificates for non-residential buildings are university graduates in the fields of architecture, structural engineering, civil engineering, building services engineering, building physics, mechanical engineering or electrical engineering. In addition, specialists with additional qualifications in the field of energy-saving construction or authorized verifiers may issue energy performance certificates.

Energy saving

Energy saving is a measure to reduce the use of a certain amount of primary and / or secondary energy.

Energy-saving

Energy-saving is the name given to appliances and objects that produce particularly high energy savings compared to average systems and are therefore very energy-efficient.

Energy Saving Ordinance

The Energy Saving Ordinance, EnEV for short, is the ordinance on energy-saving thermal insulation and energy-saving system technology for buildings. The latest version is EnEV 2014 (from May 1, 2014), which replaces the previous EnEV 2009.

Fresh air supply

In halls with strong positive or negative pressure and in production halls with heavily contaminated or dusty air, the infrared heaters can be designed to be room air-independent. In this case, the combustion air is drawn in from outside, either through a multi-layered roof or wall duct or separately.

Underfloor heating

Underfloor heating belongs to the group of panel heating systems. Pipes laid under the floor are filled with a heating medium, e.g. hot water, and thus transfer the heat to the room from below.

Gas ejector

A gas heater is an infrared heater powered by gas. It can be both a bright radiator and a dark radiator.

Building passport

Energy certificate

Building technology

Building services, technical building equipment or building technology refers to all technical systems and equipment that are permanently installed in a building, can be functionally assigned to it and are necessary for the operation of the building.

Hall heating systems - heat for room giants

Hall heating is a collective term for various technologies that are used to heat halls (non-residential buildings in non-storey construction). Hall heating systems must meet special requirements in order to ensure the heat supply of large rooms with floor areas of up to 50,000 square meters and room heights of 4 to 20 meters and more. A distinction is made between systems that generate heat (heat generators), systems that transfer heat (heat exchangers) and solutions that combine both functions in one system. A distinction is also made between centralized and decentralized hall heating systems.

Central hall heating systems combine two technologies

Central heating systems are characterized by the fact that water or air is heated in a "central" boiler room with the help of heat generators. These systems include

• Central gas boiler
• Central oil boiler
• Central wood chip boiler
• Heat pumps

What these hydraulic or warm air systems have in common is that they only work in combination with suitable technologies that can transport and transfer the generated heat into the building. The heat energy must therefore be transported from the "central" boiler room to where it can then be used. These technologies are generally used to transfer heat into the hall building:

• Warm air heaters
• Radiant ceiling panels
• Underfloor heating

Central hall heating systems can use different fuels or primary energies to generate heat. In addition to the above-mentioned primary energies of gas, oil and wood, coal, electricity and biogenic energy sources can also be used. Pumps and pipe systems are required to transport the heat into the building or to the heat exchangers, which results in additional energy requirements and transmission losses.

Decentralized hall heating systems reduce costs and losses

Decentralized hall heating systems combine the two functions of heat generation and heat transfer in one device. They generate heat where it is needed. They do not require a separate boiler room, pumps or pipes. They transfer the heat by means of warm air or infrared heat radiation. Decentralized hall heating systems include the following solutions:

• Direct-fired hot air heaters
• Bright spotlight
• Dark radiator

For a long time, gas or biogenic gases were primarily used as energy sources for these hall heating systems. The new generation of decentralized dark radiator systems such as FUTURA or MAXIMA E-Hybrid can also be operated with the renewable energies hydrogen and electricity.

Heating plant

Rent hall heating. Reduce CO₂. Optimize operating results.

Viele Industrie- und Gewerbeunternehmen nutzen veraltete Heizungssysteme in ihren Hallen. Sie fürchten zu große Investitionen und den Aufwand einer Heizungsmodernisierung.

Dabei lassen sich moderne Heizungssysteme einfach mieten, statt kaufen.

Heating plant von KÜBLER macht es möglich.

Gemietete Heizanlagen erfordern keine Investition, verbrauchen bis zu 70 % weniger Energie, reduzieren nachhaltig die CO₂-Emissionen und verbessern das ESG-Rating.

Hohe Energieeinsparung und gesenkte Servicekosten sorgen oft für ein Plus im Budget, weil die Einsparung höher ist als die Miete.

Die Miete über KÜBLER Heating plant hat weitere Vorteile: Die Heizungsmodernisierung läuft off-balance, ohne Abschreibungen – und in den meisten Fällen einfach im laufenden Betrieb.

Heizungstechnologien von KÜBLER sind technologieführend, hochinnovativ und „Made in Germany“.

Heating load

The heating load (also heat requirement) is the heating output required for a specific building or room in order to keep it at the right temperature. It can be calculated mathematically based on the use of the building, the insulation and the size of the building.

Radiant heater

Infrared heating

Heating technology

Heating technology refers to all technical equipment that can be used to heat rooms or objects.

Calorific value

The calorific value (HI) is the amount of heat that is released during the complete combustion of a unit quantity of a fuel when the reactant and product temperatures are the same (reference temperature is usually 25°C), if all the water produced during combustion is assumed to be vaporized. It is therefore lower than the calorific value by the proportion of the heat of vaporization of the water.

Bright spotlight

The bright radiator is a variant of infrared heating. Infrared rays are generated by the visible combustion of a gas-air mixture. Ceramic plates glow brightly in the process. The exhaust gases from these infrared systems are not discharged via closed systems, but must be disposed of indirectly via the room air. Within radiant heating systems, a distinction is made between bright radiant heaters with open combustion and dark radiant heaters with closed combustion.

Auxiliary energy

Secondary energy

Hybrid system

A hybrid system is a system that combines two technologies. The H.Y.B.R.I.D. system from KÜBLER is a hybrid system that combines hall heating, residual heat utilization and digital control. The infrared hall heating is linked via a heat exchanger with the hydraulic heating of offices, for example.

Industrial hall heating

Industrial hall heaters are heating systems specially developed for use in industrial buildings and halls. Due to their high operational reliability and short amortization period, dark radiators are particularly suitable for use in industrial halls and warehouses.

Infrared

Infrared, abbreviation IR, formerly also ultra-red, refers to the invisible part of the electromagnetic spectrum, which is connected to the long-wave part (red) of visible light and covers wavelengths λ between around 800 nm and 1 mm. Infrared rays develop heat when they hit solid or liquid objects.

Infrared heating

Heating systems that generate infrared radiation and can therefore be used as a heat source. These systems are characterized by minimal heat loss. Further advantages include Up to 54% energy and cost savings compared to conventional systems, the pleasant room climate (similar to the natural heating principle of the sun), low investment costs, short amortization times, the even heat distribution even in poorly insulated halls the short heat-up times and the dust and draught-free heating principle. Particularly suitable for large rooms and areas, the advantage is that the objects are heated directly and not the air that rises in high rooms. Heating from top to bottom is therefore not necessary.

Infrared rays

Infrared rays are light waves above the visible range. This thermal radiation can best be compared to sunlight.

Infrared radiators

Infrared radiant heaters are radiant heaters.

Infrared radiation

electromagnetic radiation

Infrared radiation efficiency

The infrared radiation efficiency is a quantitative criterion for the rational use of energy in infrared radiant heaters. It indicates the ratio of the radiant power emitted to the heat load supplied and thus represents the proportion of usable energy in the occupied zone. KÜBLER has made the infrared proportion and thus the radiation efficiency a key assessment criterion for the quality of modern heating technology. The system for measuring the efficiency of infrared heaters is of international importance: RayLab - the fully automatic system for measuring the radiation efficiency of infrared industrial heaters (dark / light radiators) The RayLab system developed by KÜBLER is anchored in the European standard as Method B and is still the most reliable way of carrying out measurements in accordance with the new EN standards 416-2 and 419-2. By evaluating the system according to the degree of radiation efficiency, enormous potential savings in energy consumption and CO₂-emissions can be uncovered.

Jaz

The annual coefficient of performance (COP) describes the energy efficiency of a heat pump system over the course of a year. It describes the ratio of the heat actually delivered over the course of the year to the drive energy used.

Convection

Convection is the term used to describe the heating of air on hot surfaces. This is an undesirable effect in high rooms, as warm air rises and remains unused as a heat cushion under the hall ceiling.

Convection loss

Convection loss is the air that heats up on hot pipes in heating systems, for example, and rises upwards, making it unusable in the area where people are present.

Corrosion protection

Dark radiators or infrared heaters are used to prevent corrosion on bearing parts:

1) Reduction of the relative humidity in the air and
2) Heating of the surface temperature of bearing parts, higher than the ambient air. Condensation and thus corrosion can only occur on bearing parts whose surface temperature is lower than the temperature of the ambient air.

KÜBLER maintenance contract

The legal effect of a maintenance contract is the obligation of the manufacturer of a product to the purchaser of the product to inspect it at regular intervals and, if necessary, to repair it. KÜBLER offers a range of lucrative, cost-effective and customizable maintenance models. Also for third-party devices. The bottom line is that regular maintenance of heating systems is not a cost factor but an economic factor that can even pay for itself in the same heating period.

Optima Plus

High-performance system from KÜBLER GmbH (infrared heating or dark radiator principle). Winner of the international "Industrial Heater of the Year" award in 1996, this range of appliances has been setting trends ever since in terms of maximum efficiency and the first hall heating system of its kind to meet design requirements. The Optima has been realized: Reduction of convective losses, the maximization of heat transfer and pipe temperatures and the further optimization of efficiency for more direct heat at the workplace and less energy consumption. This results in energy savings of more than 50% compared to conventional systems. The new OPTIMA plus generation has been offering even greater energy efficiency since 2011.

Primary energy

Primary energy is the energy that is available from naturally occurring forms of energy in fossil fuels (oil, coal, natural gas, nuclear fuels) or other natural energy sources (water, wind, sun, etc.). These can be converted into secondary energy (heat, electricity, movement) through combustion or other physical or chemical processes.

R.O.S.S.Y®

R.O.S.S.Y® is the resource-optimizing control system for hall heating systems from KÜBLER. The intelligent and self-learning system optimizes the switch-on times after the night setback and the energy consumption and sets new standards in ease of use and functionality. R.O.S.S.Y® was awarded the Innovation Prize of the Federal Ministry of Economics in 2004 for its performance and its measurable contribution to the more economical operation of hall heating systems.

Residual heat utilization

Heat recovery

Collective exhaust system

In contrast to individual flue gas ducting, the infrared heaters or dark radiators are connected to each other on the flue gas side. The collective flue gas duct requires only one roof or wall duct for several infrared heaters. A total of up to 20 devices can be bundled together. A collective exhaust fan ensures the pressure conditions in the entire system.

Induced draught burner

With an induced draught burner, the negative pressure in the burner is generated by a fan at the other end of the pipe system.

Blackbody radiator

Dark radiator

Secondary energy

Secondary energy is the form of energy remaining after the conversion of primary energy into so-called useful energy carriers, which is primarily available as electrical or thermal energy.

Stable heating

Heizungssysteme, die speziell für den Einsatz in Ställen und zur Viehzucht entwickelt wurden. Als besonders geeignet haben sich hier die Infrarot- bzw. Dunkelstrahler erwiesen, da diese eine Staubaufwirbelungen vermeiden und somit ein angenehmes Klima für die Aufzucht von Jungtieren schaffen.

Control system

Modern control systems enable the separate temperature control of different heating zones, such as the setting of day and night temperatures as well as public holidays and vacation times.

Radiant heating

A decentralized heating system whose heat is transmitted in the form of infrared radiation. It has proven to be a cost-effective and environmentally friendly variant of hall heating.

Thermal energy

Thermal energy is the energy stored in the disordered movement of the atoms or molecules of a substance.

Our CO₂-Calculator

A system developed by KÜBLER for quickly calculating approximate savings in primary energy consumption and emissions based on individual input options. Calculate your savings potential in our CO₂-calculator.

Hot water radiant ceiling panel

Radiant ceiling panels or hot water radiant ceiling panels are a type of infrared heating. Here, hot water is used to generate a high surface temperature through pipes welded to a metal plate, which leads to heat radiation. This means that the entire structure is heated. The disadvantage of these heating systems is the low surface temperature compared to gas radiators. For this reason, a large heating surface is required for even heat distribution.

Hot water heating

A heating system that uses hot water as a heat transfer medium. Usually convective systems or radiant ceiling panels that have a central heating chamber and supply the radiators with hot water from there.

Maintenance

Measures and procedures for the maintenance of technical equipment and systems. The advantages of regular maintenance measures (usually once a year) are reliable availability of the system in the cold season, consistently economical operation, manageable fixed prices instead of incalculably high costs in the event of a malfunction, extended life cycle and secure warranty periods.

Heat

Heat is a physical quantity that is understood as transported thermal energy.

Heat requirement

The heat requirement (also: heating load) is the heating output required for a specific building or room in order to keep it at the right temperature. It can be calculated mathematically based on the use of the building, the insulation and the size of the building.

Heat output

The transport of heat within a body or liquid by diffusion due to a temperature difference.

Heat pump

A heat pump is a technical system that enables thermal energy from a source (e.g. ambient air) to be raised to a higher temperature level and thus made usable elsewhere, e.g. for heating rooms or providing hot water. The functional principle of the most common design is as follows: A refrigerant circulates in a closed circuit, which evaporates at the source temperature (heat is extracted from the source) and is then raised to a higher pressure and temperature level by a compressor. On the sink side (usually the heating system), the heat is released and the medium is then expanded in a throttle back to the initial state - the cycle starts all over again. Due to the fact that the temperature level of the source itself is lowered, such a system can also be used for cooling purposes if the components are arranged accordingly.

Heat recovery

Heat recovery refers to the utilization of the thermal energy contained in warm exhaust air, waste gas or waste water. This is transferred to a storage medium via a heat exchanger and can then be used for hot water preparation, hydraulic heating or air preheating, for example.

Heat radiation

Thermal radiation is electromagnetic radiation that every body emits depending on its temperature.

Heat exchanger

A heat exchanger is a device for transferring thermal energy from one heat flow to another. For example, the residual heat from infrared hall heaters can be made available for heating offices or hot service water.